Cause of Action
The legal basis or theory under which a plaintiff files a lawsuit, establishing the right to sue.
Detailed Explanation
A cause of action consists of specific legal elements that must be proven. For example, negligence requires duty, breach, causation, and damages. A single lawsuit can contain multiple causes of action (e.g., breach of contract AND fraud). If a complaint fails to state a valid cause of action, the defendant can file a motion to dismiss. Understanding the cause of action determines what evidence is needed and what damages are available.
Related Terms
Negligence
Failure to exercise reasonable care that results in harm to another person, forming the basis of most personal injury claims.
Motion
A formal request asking the court to make a specific ruling or order on a legal issue in a case.
Plaintiff
The person or entity who initiates a civil lawsuit by filing a complaint against the defendant.