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Indictment

A formal criminal charge issued by a grand jury after reviewing evidence presented by the prosecutor.

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Detailed Explanation

Grand juries consist of 16-23 citizens who determine whether probable cause exists to charge someone with a crime. The proceedings are secret, and defendants typically do not attend or present evidence. Grand jury indictments are required for federal felonies under the Fifth Amendment. State rules vary—some states use preliminary hearings instead of grand juries.

Related Terms

Plea Bargain

An agreement in criminal cases where the defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge in exchange for a lighter sentence.

Arraignment

A court proceeding where a criminal defendant is formally charged and enters a plea of guilty, not guilty, or no contest.

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