Summons
An official court document notifying a person that they are being sued and must respond within a specified time or face a default judgment.
Detailed Explanation
A summons must be properly served on the defendant according to court rules. Personal service (hand delivery), substituted service, and service by publication are common methods. Failure to respond to a summons within the deadline (typically 20-30 days) can result in a default judgment—an automatic win for the plaintiff. Never ignore a summons, even if you believe the lawsuit is frivolous.
Related Terms
Plaintiff
The person or entity who initiates a civil lawsuit by filing a complaint against the defendant.
Defendant
The person or entity being sued in a civil lawsuit or accused of a crime in a criminal case.
Judgment
The final, official decision of a court that resolves a legal dispute and determines the rights and obligations of the parties.